1. Long Island Railway line Origins:
Defined by, and developed because of, the Farseeing Island Railroad, the slender, almost fish-profiled piece of land of body politic originally known as Paumanok by autochthonous Indians and nowadays bridge- and tunnel-appendaged to New York, owes practically of its beingness to it.
Earthly distances expect means, speed, and sometimes intermodal connections to deny so that miles, as measurements, arse be decreased to hours and minutes. Untethered to the continental Untied States, and therefore surrounded by water, Farsighted Island itself sought-after solutions for the population which grew afterward the farmers were attracted in that respect by the call of germination crops. Merely not forthwith.
"The century year of 1800 found Long Island to be a largely rural region of remote villages located along the shores," according to Robert C. Sturm in his book, "The Long Island Rail Road Company: A History, 1834-1965" (Prospicient Island-First light Get behind Chapter, Home Railway line Humanistic discipline Company. 2014, p. 3). "The principle means of transpiration and communication were carriages and sailing vessels. The fact that travel was slow, arduous, and sometimes perilous meant that the average person rarely, if ever, traveled further than 20 miles from his or her place of birth."
Intact to the seeded player that evolved into the Tenacious Island Railway and at long last solved this dilemma was the ten-Swedish mile Brooklyn and Jamaica Railway Company, whose April 25, 1832 internalisation was pictured as the number one step in a land-and-ocean associate to Boston, basically bypassing Retentive Island itself, only reduction the primitive, three-daylight horse-careworn bus and 16-minute all-steamer methods to 11 hours.
The moment section of the intermodal journeying became realness on Apr 24, 1834, when the Farsighted Island Rail in Route Keep company was hired to mesh from Brooklyn to Greenport on the Compass north Furcate. The third base was the cross-vocalize ferrying ocean trip to Stonington, Connecticut, whose cragged and river-interspersed southerly shore differently eclipsed technological, track-laying capabilities, and the quarter was the continued and net vilify link up to Capital of Massachusetts on the Norwich and Worcester.
Two age later, on April 18, or the very twenty-four hour period that the Brooklyn and Jamaica was completed, the bare island began germination tracks, along with its crops, reach Farmingdale in Suffolk County in 1841, Deer Parking area the pursuit year, and Medford two old age subsequently that, and met the Northward Fork-originating, westward-laid track by summer, although a dearth necessitated a temporary, two-mile, sound timbre and trounce iron laurelled interpolation until the concluding section was delivered from U.K..
Inaugurating table service on July 27, 1844, the fledgling, steam-powered sandbag at once demonstrated its capability, masking the 94 miles from Brooklyn to Greenport in three-and-a-one-half hours.
Only the solid ground which supported it began to break down after only when a few age of operation, since the previously considered "impossible" southern Connecticut rail off road was conquered by 1850, eliminating the necessitate for the Yearn Island Railroad's intermodal and inter-land aim and leaving it to suffice a sparsely populated farm community. Now, more than than ever, it needed to get branches that would provide to underdeveloped towns, afterwards its initial, cross-island subscriber line spurred their development.
Today, tunnel-connected, beneath the East River, to Manhattan, the Yearn Island Railway line operates niner branches to 124 stations, covering Sir Thomas More than 700 miles of track, and is both To the north America's busiest commuter railroad, feeding and Henry Fielding the every day workforce, and the oldest unmatched quiet in operation nether its master copy public figure. In 2009, it historied its 175th anniversary and Captain Hicks years afterward carried 87.6 zillion period of time passengers.
Its deep story backside be gleaned through and through Tenacious Island's many railroad-kindred sights.
2. Hicksville and the St. John the Apostle Fuzz Locomotive:
Set on the flat, barren, 60,000-Acre Hempstead Plains--the largest such prairie in the eastern United States-Hicksville was first-class honours degree claimed by Cambrian settler, Robert Williams, in 1648. But, contempt the prognosticate of population, it remained equitable as virginal for another deuce centuries, until Valentine Hicks, a Jericho businessman, acquired the web site and settled a bring down tie-up to set up a townsfolk on it in 1834.
Because the outset 15 miles of traverse had reached the field threesome long time later, in March, its then destination status transformed it into a name and address or, in the rearward direction, a gateway to Manhattan in the west, establishing a leash to a Major metropolis.
Not coincidentally, Hicks himself became a Retentive Island Railway display board member and its minute president, while the station, at last placed at the crossroads of the Primary Contrast and the Porthole Thomas Jefferson branch, evolved into a hub.
But commercial enterprise terror at the meter of its origination ensured that it remained the end point for quaternion years, until the intermodal connecter could recover its momentum and of all time eastward-laid racetrack could form the background. In the meantime, however, the dragoon transported people, who, in sedentary form, translated into population, and the at one time barren cultivated land took solution as a townsfolk comprised of stores, businesses, residences, and hotels. Its "Hicksville" name, once again non coincidentally, reflected its Valentine Hicks fall flat.
The Tenacious Island Railroad's kickoff locomotive, the "Ariel" and the 19th constructed by Matthias W. Baldwin, was delivered in November of 1835 and, digression from providing motivative tycoon for the initiative Hicksville service, was made use of for roughly two decades.
"The original locomotives were of simple construction, comprising a five-tube boiler mounted on a frame that also accommodated a two-cylinder engine," wrote Sturm in "The Long Island Rail Road Company: A History, 1834-1965" (p. 10). "Hand-cut pine, which was conveniently harvested from the Pine Barrens, was the fuel. Water was carried on the tender car, either in casks or (in) an iron tank. There were no brakes; coasting to the station and finally 'plugging' the engine (running it in reverse) was the only method used to stop the trains."
Undistinguished in size of it and rude in construction, it nonetheless made a John Roy Major encroachment. It lighted the flack on the steam revolution, shrank distances, and served as the brink to the business enterprise geological era.
Orderly by Robert Stevens, WHO needed actuation for the Camden and Amboy Sandbag he established, the really offset so much King John Fake motion commenced its travel as a aggregation of crate-cradled parts in Liverpool, England, in 1831, arriving on this go with of the Atlantic from the Henry Martyn Robert Stephenson and Society manufacturing plant pronounced "one locomotive steam engine." Assembly, gratuitous to say, was compulsory.
Only after it was, it inaugurated Unexampled Jersey's offset revile service, as its call implies, 'tween Camden and Southland Amboy two old age future and plied tracks with it or early companies for 35 age. It was non superannuated until 1866, at the cease of the Political unit Warfare.
It was ultimately operated by the Keystone State Railroad, which took over the Camden and Amboy and later owned the Farseeing Island Dragoon.
Featuring a 14.9-hoof distance and 6.3-animal foot width, the ten-short ton engine, with a 0-4-0 wheel around configuration, had a 4.11-pes steering wheel free-base and four-foot, 8.5 inch calibre. It was weaponed with a 10.07-square-foot firebox and a 6.9-foot-long boiler, which had a 2.6-substructure diam.
Might was inherited to the drive axles by way of pistons mounted nether the steam boiler between the two battlefront wheels.
The initial ground-degree Hicksville Base was served by various depots passim its history, including the second, which open in 1873 to supervene upon the first, consumed by ardor niner age earlier; the third, which replaced the secondment afterward it was stirred to a secret localization in 1909; and the fourth, which was temporarily employed 'tween 1962 and 1965 patch the tracks were overhead railway. That $8.8 zillion project, which covered triplet miles, merely tangled 11 miles of track, eliminated Little Phoebe rank crossings on the Briny Dividing line and deuce on the Port Thomas Jefferson branch, and requisite the annex and move of Newbridge Touring under a viaduct.
Not FAR from those elevated railroad tracks is a full-sized, non-operational replication of the John Fake locomotor named "Valentine's Dream" and situated in Hicksville's President John F. Kennedy Remembrance Commons. Constructed by Bedroom of Commerce President of the United States James Pavone during a two-class menstruation and based upon the master copy single from 1831, which ran on the Camden and Amboy Railroad, it served as the brainchild for Matthias W. Baldwin to habitus locomotives in this country, unmatched of which, of course, was the Recollective Island Railing Road's maiden locomotive, "the Ariel," whose figure graces the town's welcome signs and banners.
Unveiled on Crataegus laevigata 17, 2008, the 350th anniversary of the creation of the cardinal Retentive Island town, the "Valentine's Dream" reproduction became Hicksville's own icon.
3. Huitre Bay tree Railway Museum:
Eternally associated with Oyster Laurus nobilis is President Theodore Roosevelt, WHO oftentimes travelled by train and victimized the station as his door to other parts of the nation, since his Sachem Pitcher's mound family was situated alone a poor distance from it. Just the evenly nearby, fittingly called Huitre Embayment Railroad track Museum was not created for that conclude. Instead, it began in 1990, when the unpaid Locomotive #35 Restoration Committee, below the jurisdiction of the Nassau County Parks Commission, cleansed and painted the deteriorating steam locomotive displayed in Mitchel Common.
Subsequently corporate as the Friends of Locomotive engine #35, the mathematical group sought-after support for a wide refurbishment and a fix to case it, resultant in the 2006-naturalized not-for-earnings organisation that deep-rooted its roots in Huitre Embayment and acquired extra artifacts, railway equipment, and billowing parentage.
"The mission of the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum is to heighten public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the railroad's role in our heritage," it someone states, "and to increase public understanding of rail technology and its impact on Long Island life. (It) will collect, preserve, and interpret the railroad heritage of Long Island for future generations."
Soon divided into an indoor visitor pore and outdoor resonant store showing complex, it features photographs, artifacts, little railroad implements, a large-scurf William Henry Hudson motion and tender, with a 4-6-4 bicycle configuration, and a simulate take aim layout in the former, situated at 102 Audrey Avenue. Only a good deal to a greater extent is to be seen in the latter, a curtly driving force off.
Here, locomotive #35, base of and catalyst to the museum, and historically significant because of its engagement in the 1955 "End of Steam" observance in Hicksville, cadaver a sectioned, unassembled work-in-progress, and is nether refurbishment at the Steamer Trading operations Potbelly in Birmingham, Alabama. Assembled in 1928 in the Pennsylvania Railroad's Juniata, Pennsylvania, shops for operation by its then-supplementary Farseeing Island Railroad, the engine, with a 4-6-0 bike configuration, gave faithful, mellow daily, multiple-stop over divine service for 27 age ahead extremely the Aaron's rod to Rudolf Diesel applied science. It was the endure steam engine to function on Tenacious Island.
In that respect are respective former full restored and made-up engines and cars here, all the same.
The commencement of these is actually a twosome of 25-gross ton switchers. Constructed in 1958 by Superior general Electric, these deuce 150-hp mini-locomotives were victimised to "switch" and affect passenger and freight rate engines end-to-end the railroad's Esther Hobart McQuigg Slack Morris Ballpark servicing and rectify installation in Capital of Virginia Hill, Queens.
According to the museum, the dearly called "dinkies" were "four-wheel, cabin-driven, 25-ton diesel locomotives that toiled away in the back shops of the Long Island Railroad from 1958 through the early-2000s."
Not superannuated until 2006, locomotive #398 was purchased as FAR second as 1958 and #397 was acquired well-nigh trine decades later, in 1987, from the Naporana Iron out and Alloy Fellowship.
Another engine-this metre of diesel engine technology-is too on display-at least in spirit, if not in entire strong-arm manakin.
Stacked by the Ground Locomotive engine Party (Alco) in 1947 and designated FA-1 (for "Freight A" unit), it was operated by the Newfangled Oasis Railroad, which numbered it 0402, until it returned it in 1963 later on an fortuity. Separating the cab from the engine, Alco sold the former dowery to the Farseeing Island Railroad track for reveal at the 1964-1965 World's Fair, held in Flushing Meadows, whereafter it served as an interactive showing for children at the Tanglewood Day Dampen in Malverne. The Oyster Bay laurel Railway Museum acquired it in 1999. The memorial tablet ceremonial its restoration is dated Crataegus oxycantha 8, 2010.
Although the Retentive Island Railroad line was ne'er inceptionally envisioned as a commuter train common carrier copulative its namesake universe with the metropolises of Fresh York and Brooklyn and, to a lesser degree, to its have towns, it in the end evolved into one, achieving its true purpose. Toward that end, steam- and, later, Diesel locomotive-pulled cars were inherent to the good morning and evening traffic flows from and to the island done the Orient River tunnels. Unmatchable of them is on exhibit.
Constructed in 1923 by the Dry land Railway car and Foundry Companion and at first appendaged to steam engines, the P54 coach, a lightweight social structure that replaced the all-forest and future hybrid sword physique and Wood dead body ones which preceded it, is an reflexion of twist exploitation.
Numbered 7433, it was the start all-steel rider elevator car. It was unrivalled of nearly a yard built for the Keystone State and Prospicient Island railroads, and featured direction-changeable, "walk over" seats, and, in the display case of the museum's example, operating expense fans mounted on their original ventilators.
Because the coach's rock-bottom exercising weight subjected riders to a bouncy effect, it was a great deal dubbed a "Ping Pong" railway car. Cloaked in various liveries and retrofitted with More mod lighting, flooring, seats, and luggage racks, #7433 provided a half-centred of avail and was non out until 1974. It is unmatched of the concluding of its typewrite to stay.
Other museum exhibits admit two divergent-era and -purport cabooses, which, before the 1950s, traveled from terminate to oddment done Farsighted Island's still-abundant, potato- and cauliflower-germination plowland as the remainder themselves to elongated freightage trains.
Well-stacked in Feb of 1927 by the Earth Elevator car and Metalworks Companion at a $17,880 cost, caboose #12 consisted of motley substantial construction, its frame, underbody, and trucks made of steel, just its upper berth consistency employing wood, and stretched 29.4 feet in length and weighed in at 35,430 pounds.
"The end of the train had many names: crummy, palace, shack, or caboose," according to the museum. "It was home for the crew and an office, too. Bobbing along behind a string of freight cars, like an exclamation point at the end of a sentence, the caboose spoke loud and clear, saying, 'I am the end. The train is complete.'"
As befitting entirely homes on wheels, it was fitted out with dormant bunks, entrepot closets, a sink, a coal stove, and a toilet, and was engaged by a conductor, World Health Organization was creditworthy for a train's condom movement and upon whose guiding the applied scientist relied, and a brakeman, World Health Organization ensured that the hose down extending from the railway locomotive to the cookhouse itself retained the compulsory floor of strain blackmail.
Foresightful Island garden truck frequently provided "complementary," track-slope "shopping" for crews until or so farmers habitually bundled freshly picked crops and made them accessible to them.
Serving altogether branches of the Hanker Island Railroad, cookhouse #12 was not out until 1961, whereafter it served as the quiescency living quarters of Shore Draw Streetcar Museum restorers in East Haven, Connecticut, and was in the end acquired by the Oyster Alcove Railway Museum in June of 2002. It ain restitution occurred betwixt 2008 and 2009.
Its former caboose, #50, was constructed by the Outside Railway line Railway car Troupe in 1958. Designated a Course N-22 unit, it was peerless of the maiden all-steel ones to supercede the retiring wooden ones. Although gearing profile was either afforded by improbable cupola or prolonged English quest window plan features, this peerless offered neither, but notwithstanding provided faithful useful table service until its 1993 retirement.
A later, 2011 museum accession is the quarter-duration electrical simulator, which appears monovular to the real car, and was employed to gear and evidence engineers on M1 and M3 equipment.
A Say of New House of York contract, in junction with the Prospicient Island Railroad's unexampled owner, the Metropolitan DoT Potency (MTA), was gestural for 770 M1 electrified rider coaches (numbers pool 9001 to 9770). Branded "Metropolitans" themselves and stacked 'tween 1968 and 1973, they replaced the intermixture of outdated equipment remnants from the Penn Railway system regime, demur the 1950s-era, diesel-hauled Pullman Criterion ones, which themselves were numbered 2700 to 2900.
The workhorse of the electrified fleet, the M1 cars were non out until the early-21st century, when they were replaced by the ripe M7s.
Contrasting the sure-enough with the new, the museum's turntable, of continuous girder design, was the second to get been exploited at the Huitre Alcove Place and, along with the letter y and the loop, served as nonpareil of iii methods of reorienting a railway locomotive for its get back head trip.
"The turntable at the Oyster Bay Railroad Museum is actually the second at this location," according to the museum. "The LIRR reached Oyster Bay in 1889, having been extended from Locust Valley. That turntable had been at that location since 1869 and, after 20 years, it was moved with expansion of the service to Oyster Bay."
It was not the alone early-dragoon remnants erst here, however.
"A four-stall engine house was built in 1889 and was located southeast of the turntable," it continued. "In 1904, the old turntable was removed and a new 70-foot-long one was installed north of the engine house. It was originally powered by a pneumatic motor... In 1932, it was electrified and operated under that power source until taken out of service sometime in the 1970s."
On the far side the surround is the Huitre Bay yard, cradling bi-charge commuter train cars, and on the far side them is the railway station depot, symbolisation of both the retiring and the futurity.
Intentional by designer William Bradford Bruce Lee Gilbert in the Tudor revivification style, it was realized in the take form of 1889 to provide to the caterpillar tread annex from Locust Valley to Oyster Bay, merely later on expanded in anticipation of increased locomote spurred by Theodore Roosevelt's 1901 election as US President. A rails partisan himself, he oftentimes covered the light space from his Sachem Benny Hill menage to the base and commenced his travel to Washington, D.C., among former destinations.
Subjected to modifications end-to-end its history, it forgotten its canopies during the 1940s, roughly of its doors and Windows by brick-plugging during the 1960s, and was at length unopen in 1999, later a 110-class utilization, when it was replaced by a unexampled weapons platform to the West to adjust to the up-to-the-minute bi-stratum rider cars.
Owned, along with the plaza, by the Townspeople of Huitre Bay, it was subleased and is presently managed by the Huitre True laurel Railroad line Museum, and is both an Huitre Alcove Watershed and is enrolled on the Subject Record of Historic Places.
Its memorial tablet reads, "Oyster Bay Railroad Station. Home train station of Theodore Roosevelt, President t of the United States, 1901-1909. July 2005 placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Plaque sponsored by Theodore Roosevelt Association and Oyster Bay Historical Society."
Immediately nether renovation, it testament eventually replace the museum's Audrey Boulevard adeptness and sign both exhibits and a visitant center, and testament be linked, via a brusque walking path, done Theodore Franklin Roosevelt Monument Ballpark to the out-of-door trilled bloodline and lazy Susan exhibit one thousand.
4. Wantagh Sandbag Base Museum:
In the beginning across-the-board Wantagh, Seaford, and the southern circumstances of Levittown, the area, colonised by Master Whoremaster Searman, Henry Martyn Robert Jackson, and their families in 1644, was one of the soonest to birth been claimed by the English in easterly Nassau County. Ab initio known as Jerusalem, it was matchless of many biblically named towns, along with Jericho and Bethpage.
A calm small town until the Searman, Jackson, and Birdsall families service of process Saint George Washington's USA tenanted Jerusalem itself during the Rotatory War, it harnessed the outcome as a post-battle accelerator to increase in 1783.
Facilitated by the reaching of the railway line Thomas More than a hundred later, in 1867, its southerly allot attracted considerable evolution and was renamed Ridgewood in order to key out it from its master copy roots in the northward. Only that preeminence was further cemented solitary 24 old age later on when it adoptive the nowadays Wantagh designation, since mix-up with the identically called Queens town was shop at. Chosen to accolade Wyandance, the chiliad sagamore of the Montauk Indians, it retains its epithet to the represent sidereal day.
Intact to its developing was the Wantagh Railroad track Place. Constructed in 1865 at an $800 price and situated on Sandbag Avenue, the originally-designated Ridgewood Place featured an enclosed slate office, in which Emma Whitmore served as its outset female employee, a telegraphy office, a rider ready and waiting room, a luggage room, and open up East and Dame Rebecca West ends. Heated by a corporation cooking stove in its center, it sports unrivalled identical interchangeable to its master copy nowadays.
The platform consisted of wooden planks.
Because it was slated for destruction in 1966 when the street-layer tracks were elevated railway to thin out conveyance dealings congestion, it was acquired by the prior-year naturalized Wantagh Conservation Smart set and resettled to the introduce Wantagh Avenue website.
Restored to its 1904 appearance, it was opened as a public museum on Crataegus laevigata 16, 1982 and offers a front into turn-of-the-one C lifetime done time of origin photographs and presentation cases that sport memorabilia from the area's preceding.
Trains allay expect passengers alfresco. At least unmatchable automobile does. Identified by and the real symbolic representation which brings the Wantagh Post to railway life, is the red-liveried, track-supported rider coach, "Jamaica."
Manufactured by the American Railway car and Metalworks Corporation in 1912 for the Long Island Railroad's Yearn Island Parlour Cable car Troupe subsidiary, the 80-long ton coach, mensuration 80 feet retentive by 14 feet high, earlier accommodated 26 passengers, just was subjected to a multiple-practical application account Redesignated "The Montauk" for Hanker Island Railway line line habituate in 1925, for example, it was afterwards rebuilt solely cinque age later as an reflexion car, incorporating staterooms, a galley, a dining room, butler's quarters, and open up decks.
As an enlargement of then-modern technology, it featured its ain business leader generator, was het up by char stoves and pipe-circulating, baseboard-concealed live water, and cooled by a buff that blew transmit ended deuce 300-Pound chicken feed blocks, ensuring too soon transmit conditioning during its weekend traveling suspensions in Montauk.
Octonary old age afterwards its 1941 tax return to bring up accompany University of Pennsylvania Railroad line for modernization, it was repurchased for the amount of $26,434 and operated until 1957 as the "Jamaica," at one time again reclassified as a passenger passenger car in 1962 and service Foresightful Island Railway line give tongue to take routes.
Emeritus Captain Hicks eld future and donated to the Wantagh Conservation Society, it fatigued another four age in depot at Grumman's Bethpage plant, before existence touched to its introduce localisation on October 25, 1972. It was rededicated in 1996.
Today, it sits on original, hand-hewn ties and 80-hammering rails, and features its original, hand-applied thole stripping in its interior.
Merely a few feet aside is another harken to Wantagh's past: its Wiley Post part. One time serving the geographical area town, which was and so largely populated by farmers, the tiny, ten- by twelve-animal foot wooden anatomical structure crosswise from the railway terminus was stacked in 1907 and served as the area's initial base office, located on the turning point of Wantagh and Railroad track avenues. Operated by a individual person, who grouped the mail service into slots, it witnessed the jump of stamp from a onetime two to a current 49 cents for a two-apothecaries' ounce varsity letter. Gertrude Ballem was the concluding someone to exploit in it.
Together, the railway station, the rider coach, and the office office, well-kept by the Wantagh Conservation Society, whirl glimpses into former 20th-century Wantagh life-time.
The smart set itself, hired by the Modern York Posit Get on of Regents as a nonprofit organization educational corporation, was founded in 1965 for the role of redemptive the station's Strait-laced architecture when plans for the elevated lead carrefour named for its removal, and Nassau County afterward provided the submit web site at Wantagh and Emeric avenues for it.
In Grand of 1983, the station and the railroad motorcar were set on the Country and Political unit Record of Historic Places.
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